Editor-in-Chief
Brian S. Alper, MD, MSPH
Medical Director of Clinical Reference and Consumer Health Products, EBSCO Publishing, Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
Family Physician
Deputy Editors
Cynthia B. Brown, MD
Diplomate, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Alan Ehrlich, MD
Diplomate, American Board of Family Medicine
Assistant Clinical Professor in Family Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
Larissa Lucas, MD
Diplomate, American Board of Internal Medicine
Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Pediatrics Editor
Julie Bellet, MD
Diplomate, American Board of Pediatrics
Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
Associate Editor
Kara L. Becker, MS RD LDN CNSC
Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
Integrative Medicine Editor
Richard Glickman-Simon, MD
Diplomate, American Board of Family Medicine
Senior Editor for Integrative Medicine and Consumer Health, EBSCO Publishing, Inc., Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
Assistant Professor of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Clinical Editors
Susan Beluk, MD
Internal Medicine, Newburyport, Massachusetts, USA
Mathew Brier, MD, MPH
Diplomate, American Board of Internal Medicine
Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
Christine Colpitts, MA, CRTT Respiratory Therapy
Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
Alan Drabkin, MD
Diplomate, American Board of Family Medicine
Assistant Clinical Professor of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Associate Medical Director, Network Health, Cambridge Health Alliance, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
Kate Eliot, MS, RD, LDN, CNSC
Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
Jennifer Schultz, PA-C
Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
Carolynne Shinn, RN, MS
Ipswich, Massachusetts, USA
DynaMed Community Manager
Amelia Cottle
Medical Librarians
James LaRue, MPH, MLIS
Ellen Westling, MLS, MBA, AHIP
Senior Medical Writer
Lisa Welch, BA
Medical Writers
Amy Baione, MEd
Thomas W. Balon, PhD
Peter B. Lindgren, PhD
Meghan Malone-Moses, MPH
James S. McLellan, PhD
Joanna Suomi, MS
Systematic Literature Surveillance Coordinator
Katie Hawkins
Operations Manager
Gaurang Kadakia
Content Analyst
Anne Fowler
Senior Technical Analyst
Zachary Sklarz
Technical Analyst
Shawn Burgess
Documentation Assistant
Laurie Williams
Content Coordinator
Julia Colpitts
Editorial Assistant
Maureen McMahon
Administrative Assistant
Suzanne Sylvester
DynaMed Editorial Board
Jeffrey S. Brown, DO, RPh
Family Physician, Lehigh Valley Hospital
Hellertown, Pennsylvania, USA
Sandra Harley Counts, PharmD
Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina
AnMed Health Family Medicine Residency Training Program
Anderson, South Carolina, USA
E. David Crawford, MD
Professor of Surgery and Radiation Oncology
Head, Urologic Oncology
Senior Associate Director, Comprehensive Cancer Center
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Denver, Colorado, USA
Rudy Dressendorfer, PhD, RPT
Physical therapist in private practice
Penryn, California, USA
Adjunct Full Professor of Exercise Physiology, University of Alberta
Edmonton, Canada
Paul D. Forman, MD
Family Physician and Medical Director, Providence Seward Medical Center
Seward, Alaska, USA
Gary N. Fox, MD
Family Physician, Private Practice, Defiance Clinic
Defiance, Ohio, USA
Joseph Guenther, MD
Family Physician, Menominee Tribal Clinic
Keshena, Wisconsin, USA
Larry Halverson, MD
Family Physician and Senior Faculty, Cox Family Medicine Residency Program
Springfield, Missouri, USA
Russel Kirkby, MD
Private Practice, Family Medicine
Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Colin P. Kopes-Kerr, MD, MPH, JD
Program Director, Santa Rosa Family Medicine Residency, Sutter Medical Center of Santa Rosa
Santa Rosa, California, USA
Daniel Limonta Velázquez, MD
National Reference Lab for Dengue, Virology Department, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector
Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine
Havana, Cuba
David R. Little, MD, MS
Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Wright State University
Dayton, Ohio, USA
John McGovern, MD
Family Physician, Forest Lakes Family Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Gregory J. Raglow, MD
Assistant Director, Banner Health Family Medicine Residency
Medical Director, Banner Good Samaritan Family Medicine Center
Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Brian A. Selius, DO
Associate Director, St. Elizabeth Health Center Family Practice Residency Program
Youngstown, Ohio, USA
Joyce Smith, RN, BS, APNP
Family Nurse Practitioner, Student Health Services, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire
Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
Daniel M. Sontheimer, MD, MBA
VP of Medical Affairs, CoxHealth
Adjunct Faculty, Cox Family Practice Residency Program
Springfield, Missouri, USA
Mark E. Spencer, MD
Family Physician, Cascade Family Medical Group
Arlington, Washington, USA
Donald E. Stanley, MD
Associates in Pathology
Nobleboro, Maine, USA
Sheri Strite
Principal and Managing Partner, Delfini Group, LLC
Portland, Oregon, USA
Michael Stuart, MD
President, Delfini Group
Clinical Assistant Professor in Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington, USA
Marc Sweeney, RPh, PharmD
Director and Chair, Pharmacy Practice
Associate Professor and Palliative Care Specialist, The University of Findlay School of Pharmacy
Findlay, Ohio, USA
Robert Marc Via, MD
Associate Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Texas A & M University System College of Medicine
Department of Family Medicine, Scott and White Health Care System
Temple, Texas, USA
Daniel C. Vinson, MD
Assistant Professor in Family Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia
Columbia, Missouri, USA
JoEllen Wynne, RN, MSN, FNP-BC
Associate Director of Education, American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
Austin, Texas, USA
Charles Zelnick, MD
Island Family Medicine
Stonington, Maine, USA